U.S. Air Force Establishes Permanent MQ-9 Reaper Unit in South Korea

Published on: October 2, 2025 at 9:47 PM
An MQ-9 Reaper taxis on the runway after landing in support of Freedom Flag 24-1 at Kunsan Air Base, Republic of Korea, Oct. 23, 2024. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Daniel Brosam)

The 431st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron was activated for the first time since WW2 at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea, to operate MQ-9A Reaper unmanned aerial vehicles.

82 years after it was first formed, a ceremony held on Sept. 28, 2025 saw the 431st Expeditionary Squadron reactivated into the U.S. Air Force. A tenant unit of Kunsan Air Base’s 8th Fighter Wing, which already boasts two squadrons of F-16s, the 431st ERS will become the first unit permanently based in South Korea to operate the MQ-9 Reaper.

Though mostly known for its strike capability, the deployment of the MQ-9 Reaper to South Korea brings a potent intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capability. Alongside the Reaper’s integrated electro-optical/infrared camera turret and AN/APY-8 Lynx multi-mode radar, a wide array of additional sensor payloads can be fitted with conformal mounts or as podded units. Details are only available for a small number of these payloads, with new undisclosed types being identified on a regular basis.

A Royal Air Force MQ-9A Reaper deployed on operations in the Middle East fitted with a conformal ‘cheek’ sensor payload, as well as a large centrally mounted dorsal antenna fin. RAF Reaper units have been closely integrated with their U.S. counterparts.(Image credit: Flt Lt Chris Warr/Crown Copyright)

In combination with the Reaper’s exceptional endurance – stretching to over 24 hours continuously airborne without a full weapon load – these sensors allow an extremely persistent ISR presence to be maintained over areas of interest. For Kunsan’s Reapers, this capability will clearly be concentrated on the border between South Korea – officially the Republic of Korea – and North Korea, or the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Dividing the Korean peninsula in two, the 160 mile long land border is bound on both sides by the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

No military activity is officially permitted in this zone, aside from the guards posted to the Joint Security Area (JSA) where the two nations can engage in cross-border talks, but ISR aircraft flying just outside of this buffer zone are easily able to collect intelligence of various types from the other side. U.S. and South Korean military aircraft are a near constant presence in these skies, with aircraft types involved including U.S. RC-135W/V Rivet Joints and P-8A Poseidons, and South Korean E-7A Peace Eyes and RQ-4B Global Hawks. U.S. Army RC-12 Guardrail turboprop aircraft were also a regular sight in the area up until their withdrawal at the end of July 2025. The introduction of MQ-9 Reapers will almost certainly help to chase up any shortfall left by the Guardrail’s retirement.

Captain Ryan Jayawardena, Director of Operations for the 431st ERS, said “It’s an honor to write the next chapter, side by side with our Korean allies. Activating the 431st reflects our shared commitment, hard work, and the strength of an alliance ready for today’s challenges.”

U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Douglas Slater Jr., 431st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron commander, gives a speech during the 431st ERS activation ceremony at Kunsan Air Base, Republic of Korea, Sept. 29, 2025. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Karissa Dick)

The first commanding officer of the reactivated squadron is Lieutenant Colonel Douglas J. Slater. “Deploying the MQ-9 brings a powerful capability to the region,” commented the Lt Col. “We’re here to support the mission, deepen cooperation, and demonstrate our shared commitment to maintaining security and stability across the Indo-Pacific.”

Kunsan previously supported temporary MQ-9 Reaper operations during Exercise Freedom Flag 24-1, held in the latter half of 2024.

History of the 431st

The 431st was first activated in 1943 as the 431st Fighter Squadron, operating Lockheed P-38J Lightnings in a long-range bomber escort role from Australia. The squadron relocated several times during the Second World War as frontlines shifted, and eventually following the surrender of Japanese forces the squadron moved to Seoul, South Korea, now operating P-51 Mustangs. In 1949, the squadron began its first period of inactivity after several years assigned to bases in Japan. Moving to the United States, the 431st was reactivated in 1952 as an air defence fighter squadron equipped with F-86 Sabres.

From the mid to late 1950s, the squadron operated over Europe and North Africa. Moving back to North America in the mid 1960s, the squadron traded in its F-102 Delta Daggers for the new F-4C, and then F-4D Phantom II. The squadron’s primary role during this time was training pilots for onward deployment to overseas theatres, as well as foreign pilots from the many air forces who had chosen to procure the Phantom II.

The unit’s next, and last manned, aircraft upgrade was to the F-111 Aardvark, which it flew from McClellan Air Force Base, California. This time the 431st was a Test & Evaluation squadron, operating in this role for 12 years until it was wound up in 1992.

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Kai is an aviation enthusiast and freelance photographer and writer based in Cornwall, UK. They are a graduate of BA (Hons) Press & Editorial Photography at Falmouth University. Their photographic work has been featured by a number of nationally and internationally recognised organisations and news publications, and in 2022 they self-published a book focused on the history of Cornwall. They are passionate about all aspects of aviation, alongside military operations/history, international relations, politics, intelligence and space.
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